THE EFFECTS OF ALUMINUM REFLECTOR SHAPES, ANGLES, AND THERMAL-LIGHT COVARIATION ON SOLAR PANEL PERFORMANCE
Abstract
The performance of solar panels is strongly influenced by light intensity, panel temperature, and incident angle, indicating the need for reflector-based enhancements to improve power output. This study aims to analyze the effects of aluminum reflector shapes and angles on solar panel output while evaluating the covariation effects of room temperature, panel temperature, and light intensity. Experiments were conducted indoors using a 200 W spotlight with three reflector configurations (none, flat, concave) and angles of 55°, 65°, 75°, and 85°. Data were analyzed using MANCOVA and correlation tests to determine significance across variables. Results indicate that both reflector shape and angle significantly affect current and voltage, with the flat reflector delivering the highest power output, especially at a 55° angle. Light intensity was found to be the dominant covariate increasing power, whereas panel and room temperatures showed negative correlations. These findings highlight the crucial role of optimized reflector design and thermal management in enhancing solar panel performance.
Downloads
References
Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral Republik Indonesia, “LAPORAN KINERJA 2024,” Jakarta, 2024.
Institute for Essential Services Reform (IESR), “Beyond 207 Gigawatts: Unleashing Indonesia’s Solar Potential,” Jakarta, 2022.
Harmiansyah et al., “Pengukuran Potensi Energi Matahari Dan Perancangan Plts Terhubung Jaringan Pada Gedung Laboratorium Teknik 1 ITERA,” Scientific Journal of Mechanical Engineering Kinematika, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 13–24, Jun. 2024, doi: 10.20527/sjmekinematika.v9i1.257.
R. S. Rahmany, Jefri Aldo, and Halim, “Simulasi Penggunaan Panel Surya Atap Di Lingkungan Kampus Politeknik Batulicin,” Scientific Journal of Mechanical Engineering Kinematika, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 74–84, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.20527/sjmekinematika.v8i1.254.
A. Jaenul, M. Manfaluthy, Y. Pramodja, and F. Anjara, “Pembuatan Sumber Listrik Cadangan Menggunakan Panel Surya Berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) dengan Beban Lampu dan Peralatan Listrik,” Formosa Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 143–156, Jul. 2022, doi: 10.55927/fjst.v1i3.838.
Q. Nadandi, B. D. Wasistha, * N., * I., and N. Nadhiroh, “Rancang Bangun Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya dengan Reflektor Alumunium dan Cermin berbasis LabVIEW,” ELECTRICES, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 60–66, Oct. 2021, doi: 10.32722/ees.v3i2.4073.
Z. Li, J. Yang, and P. A. N. Dezfuli, “Study on the Influence of Light Intensity on the Performance of Solar Cell,” International Journal of Photoenergy, vol. 2021, pp. 1–10, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.1155/2021/6648739.
M. K. Al-Ghezi, R. T. Ahmed, and M. T. Chaichan, “The Influence of Temperature and Irradiance on Performance of the photovoltaic panel in the Middle of Iraq,” International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 501–513, May 2022, doi: 10.14710/ijred.2022.43713.
Masthura and Abdullah, “Effect of Temperature and Sunlight Intensity on Surface of Solar Panels on Electric Power Generated,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 2733, no. 1, p. 012029, Mar. 2024, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2733/1/012029.
P. Siagian, H. Alam, M. Fahreza, and R. J. Tampubolon, “Peningkatan Daya Panel Surya Dengan Konsentrator Cahaya dari Bahan Aluminium Foil,” JSE, vol. IX, no. 2, pp. 8490–8498, Mar. 2024, Accessed: Dec. 11, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://jse.serambimekkah.id/index.php/jse/index
R. Pido, R. Hidayat Boli, M. Rifal, W. Rauf, N. Shanti Dera, and R. Rianto Day, “Analisis Pengaruh Variasi Sudut Kemiringan Terhadap Optimasi Daya Panel Surya,” RADIAL:juRnal perADaban sains, RekAyasa dan teknoLogi, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 234–240, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.37971/radial.v10i2.287.
S. Bintang, R. S. Muhammad Aulia, D. H. Sinaga, M. S. Dewy, R. F. S. Tarigan, and P. R. Marpaung, “The effect of reflector application for solar panel output improvement,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 2193, no. 1, pp. 1–5, Feb. 2022, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2193/1/012074.
M. Rizali, “Densitas Energi Pada Panel Surya Dengan Variasi Jumlah Dan Sudut Reflektor,” AL ULUM: JURNAL SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 97–101, Jun. 2018, doi: 10.31602/ajst.v3i2.1299.
R. A. Saeed, P. M. Sharif, R. A. Ali, and A. A. Ahmed, “Solar Panel Angle Orientation Influences Power Gain: A Case Study for KRG Location,” Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 374–383, Sep. 2024, doi: 10.29194/NJES.27030374.
M. K. Kim, K. O. Abdulkadir, J. Liu, J.-H. Choi, and H. Wen, “Optimal Design Strategy of a Solar Reflector Combining Photovoltaic Panels to Improve Electricity Output: A Case Study in Calgary, Canada,” Sustainability, vol. 13, no. 11, p. 6115, May 2021, doi: 10.3390/su13116115.
M. Agrawal, P. Chhajed, and A. Chowdhury, “Performance analysis of photovoltaic module with reflector: Optimizing orientation with different tilt scenarios,” Renew. Energy, vol. 186, pp. 10–25, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.12.149.
J. Setiyono, R. Pramadi, and dan Fifit Astuti, “Analisis Performa Modul Surya Cell Terhadap Penggunaan Reflektor Alumunium Foil,” Journal of Technical Engineering: Journal of Technical Engineering: Piston, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 50–53, 2021.
A. F. Syekha and Fadliondi, “Analisis Perbandingan Reflektor Cermin Cekung Dari Kaca Puzzle Dan Alumunium Foil Terhadap Daya Output Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya,” Jakarta, Apr. 2024.
T. H. Suryo, D. Rhakasywi, and F. Fahrudin, “The Effect of Solar Panel Output Power Analysis with Reflector Angle Optimization and Addition of Heatsink-Fan Cooling System,” Journal of Applied Science, Engineering, Technology, and Education, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 93–122, Feb. 2023, doi: 10.35877/454RI.asci1535.
M. Hanifah, A. H. Rahardjo, and A. Pudin, “Pengaruh Penggunaan Reflektor Datar Dengan Variasi Sudut Terhadap Daya Keluaran Panel Surya,” Jurnal Teknik Energi, vol. 13, no. 1, Apr. 2024.
T. M. S. Denk, T. M. A. Pandria, and Syukri, “Pengaruh Suhu Terhadap Kinerja Panel Surya: Literature Review,” Aceh Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 13–17, Jun. 2025.
J. Harie Satiyadi, R. Muhamad Hudan, and A. Asrori, “Analisis Pengaruh Suhu Panel Surya Terhadap Output Panel Performance,” Journal of Mechanical Engineering, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 42–51, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.47134/jme.v1i1.2189.
K. Richard, K. John Ukagwu, and W. Okafor, “Factors Influencing the Efficiency of Solar Energy Systems,” Journal of Engineering, Technology, and Applied Science (JETAS), vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 119–131, Dec. 2024, doi: 10.36079/lamintang.jetas-0603.748.
E. H. M. Ndiaye, A. Ndiaye, M. Faye, D. Gueye, A. Ba, and M. Traore, “Analysis of the impact of irradiance and temperature on photovoltaic production: A statistical and machine learning approach,” MethodsX, vol. 15, p. 103716, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.mex.2025.103716.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Zaini Khafid, Aqli Mursadin, Sopyan Ali Rohman
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
